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Numic is the northernmost branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. It includes seven languages spoken by Native American peoples traditionally living in the Great Basin , Colorado River basin, Snake River basin, and southern Great Plains .
Colorado River Numic (also called Ute / ˈ juː t / YOOT, Southern Paiute / ˈ p aɪ juː t / PIE-yoot, Ute–Southern Paiute, or Ute-Chemehuevi / ˌ tʃ ɛ m ɪ ˈ w eɪ v i / CHEH-mih-WAY-vee), of the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family, is a dialect chain that stretches from southeastern California to Colorado. [2]
The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest linguistic families in the Americas in terms of number of speakers, number of languages, and geographic extension. [2] The northernmost Uto-Aztecan language is Shoshoni, which is spoken as far north as Salmon, Idaho, while the southernmost is the Nawat language of El Salvador and Nicaragua.
Mono (/ ˈ m oʊ n oʊ / MOH-noh) is a Native American language of the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people. Mono consists of two dialects, Eastern and Western. The name "Monachi" is commonly used in reference to Western Mono and "Owens Valley Paiute" in reference to Eastern Mono. [2]
Ute (/ ˈ j uː t / YOOT) [2] is a dialect of the Colorado River Numic language, spoken by the Ute people.Speakers primarily live on three reservations: Uintah-Ouray (or Northern Ute) in northeastern Utah, Southern Ute in southwestern Colorado, and Ute Mountain in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah. [3]
The word Numic comes from the cognate word in all Numic languages for "person". For example, in Shoshoni the word is neme [nɨw̃ɨ] or, depending on the dialect, newe [nɨwɨ], in Timbisha it is nümü [nɨwɨ], and in Southern Paiute, nuwuvi [nuwuβi]. Shoshoni's closest relatives are the Central Numic languages Timbisha and Comanche.
Northern Paiute / ˈ p aɪ uː t /, [2] endonym Numu or nɨɨmɨ, [3] [4] also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. [5] It is closely related to the Mono language.
Their language, Chemehuevi, is a Colorado River Numic language, in the Numic language branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. First transcribed by John P. Harrington and Carobeth Laird in the early 20th century, it was studied in the 1970s by linguist Margaret L. Press.