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If flies are fed serotonin, they are more aggressive; flies depleted of serotonin still exhibit aggression, but they do so much less frequently. Within 5 minutes of the shaking, all the trained bees began a sequence of unreinforced test trials with five odour stimuli presented in a random order for each bee: the CS+, the CS−, and three novel ...
Peter Singer, a bioethicist and author of Animal Liberation published in 1975, suggested that consciousness is not necessarily the key issue: just because animals have smaller brains, or are ‘less conscious’ than humans, does not mean that they are not capable of feeling pain. He goes on further to argue that we do not assume newborn ...
The idea that animals might not experience pain or suffering as humans do traces back at least to the 17th-century French philosopher, René Descartes, who argued that animals lack consciousness. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] Researchers remained unsure into the 1980s as to whether animals experience pain, and veterinarians trained in the U.S. before ...
There are lots of challenges that go hand-in-hand with getting a new fur baby - and crying in the night is one of them. If you're a first-time puppy owner, then you probably have a lot of ...
Hiking is one of those “hobbies” that you either love or hate. On the one hand, being cold, tired and beset by mosquitoes. On the other, health, mental wellbeing and some time alone in nature.
Wild animals can experience injury from a variety of causes such as predation; intraspecific competition; accidents, which can cause fractures, crushing injuries, eye injuries and wing tears; self-amputation; molting, a common source of injury for arthropods; extreme weather conditions, such as storms, extreme heat or cold weather; and natural disasters.
These hilarious photos show some of nature’s mightiest animals — yawning away! From a giant basking hippo with its mouth stretched open to a group of sultry sea lions, these images show some ...
In this way, animals learn from the consequence of their own actions, i.e. they use an internal predictor. Operant responses indicate a voluntary act; the animal exerts control over the frequency or intensity of its responses, making these distinct from reflexes and complex fixed action patterns .