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Tension is the pulling or stretching force transmitted axially along an object such as a string, rope, chain, rod, truss member, or other object, so as to stretch or pull apart the object. In terms of force, it is the opposite of compression. Tension might also be described as the action-reaction pair of forces acting at each end of an object.
where is the applied tension on the line, is the resulting force exerted at the other side of the capstan, is the coefficient of friction between the rope and capstan materials, and is the total angle swept by all turns of the rope, measured in radians (i.e., with one full turn the angle =).
Massless free scalar bosons are a family of two-dimensional conformal field theories, whose symmetry is described by an abelian affine Lie algebra. Since they are free i.e. non-interacting, free bosonic CFTs are easily solved exactly. Via the Coulomb gas formalism, they lead to exact results in interacting CFTs such as minimal models.
The liquid rope coil effect or liquid rope coiling is a fluid mechanics phenomenon characterized by the steadily rotating helical structure formed when pouring a thin stream of viscous fluid from a sufficient height onto a surface, resulting from a buckling instability in which the initially vertical fluid stream becomes unstable to bending deformation under axial compressive stress.
The velocity ratio of a tackle is the ratio between the velocity of the hauling line to that of the hauled load. A line with a mechanical advantage of 4 has a velocity ratio of 4:1. In other words, to raise a load at 1 metre per second, the hauling part of the rope must be pulled at 4 metres per second.
In climbing, a Tyrolean traverse is a technique that enables climbers to cross a void between two fixed points, such as between a headland and a detached rock pillar (e.g. a sea stack), or between two points that enable the climbers to cross over an obstacle such as chasm or ravine, or over a fast moving river. [1]
Newton's laws are often stated in terms of point or particle masses, that is, bodies whose volume is negligible. This is a reasonable approximation for real bodies when the motion of internal parts can be neglected, and when the separation between bodies is much larger than the size of each.
Einstein Triangle. The energy–momentum relation is consistent with the familiar mass–energy relation in both its interpretations: E = mc 2 relates total energy E to the (total) relativistic mass m (alternatively denoted m rel or m tot), while E 0 = m 0 c 2 relates rest energy E 0 to (invariant) rest mass m 0.