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Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks. For these ...
Trachybasalt – Volcanic rock – A volcanic rock with a composition between basalt and trachyte Hawaiite – Volcanic rock – a sodic type of trachybasalt, typically formed by ocean island volcanism; Trachyte – Extrusive igneous rock – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite
A light-coloured, highly vesicular volcanic rock of very low density. pyroclastic flow A fast-moving current of hot gas and rock (collectively known as tephra), which normally hugs the ground and travels downhill or spreads laterally under gravity. pyroclastic A volcanic fragment, such as a volcanic bomb, breadcrust bomb, or achnelith. pyroxene
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid rock. [1] [2] Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock containing 25% to 75% ash is described as tuffaceous (for example, tuffaceous sandstone). [3]
These structures are lighter colored than the host rock and typically range in diameter from 0.05mm to over 5 cm. [1] [2] [3] In 1648, Aldrovandi created the term variolite for aphanitic or fine-grained igneous rocks containing varioles. [4] [5] The weathering of varioles often cause variolites to have a pock-marked appearance.
Basalt is also the principal volcanic rock in many oceanic islands, including the islands of HawaiĘ»i, [35] the Faroe Islands, [83] and Réunion. [84] The eruption of basalt lava is observed by geologists at about 20 volcanoes per year. [85] Paraná Traps, Brazil. Basalt is the rock most typical of large igneous provinces.
The word volcanic rock is derived from the Latin root words of Vulcan, [47] the Roman god of fire, and -ic, [48] meaning having some characteristics of. The word plutonic rock, another name for intrusive igneous rock, is derived from the Latin root words of Pluto, [49] the Roman god of the underworld, and -ic, [50] meaning having some ...
The word dacite comes from Dacia, a province of the Roman Empire which lay between the Danube River and Carpathian Mountains (now modern Romania and Moldova) where the rock was first described. [ 1 ] The term dacite was used for the first time in the scientific literature in the book Geologie Siebenbürgens ( The Geology of Transylvania ) by ...