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In the Western and Central Alps, the passes were practicable only by pack animals up to the period around 1800. [7] The process of state formation in the Alps was driven by the proximity to focal areas of European conflicts such as in the Italian wars of 1494–1559. In that period the socio-political structures of Alpine regions drifted apart.
The Alps extend in an arc from France in the south and west to Slovenia in the east, and from Monaco in the south to Germany in the north. The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in an 800 km (500 mi) arc (curved line) from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width.
After subduction of oceanic crust of the European plate collision nearly completely stopped in the Western and Central Alps (See map Figure 2)., [3] [4] These parts are still uplifted up to 2.5 mm/year in some areas. [5] [6] It is thought it is mainly due to rebound after weight loss from melting ice caps after the last ice age, intensive ...
While smaller groups within the Alps may be easily defined by the passes on either side, defining larger units can be problematic. A traditional divide exists between the Western Alps and the Eastern Alps, which uses the Splügen Pass (Italian: Passo dello Spluga) on the Swiss-Italian border, together with the Rhine to the north and Lake Como in the south as the defining features.
The Romans did not seem to find Tyrol an attractive area in which to build new towns, because there are few of them. One town they did build was Aguntum , near modern Lienz . In late antiquity (from AD 476), Tyrol belonged to the Ostrogoths , and it was included in the Ostrogothic Kingdom .
This is due to their isolation, cold climate, and high elevation. Due to these factors the Alps had and continue to have a low population. But by 1000 AD the Medieval Warm period led to better climate conditions allowing for population growth. The region of Upper Valais where the Walser people originate from had been conquered by the Roman Empire.
The Alpine biogeographic region of Europe includes the Alps in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland and Monaco, the Apennines in Italy, the Pyrenees between Spain and France, the Scandes in Sweden, Finland and Norway and the Carpathians in Slovakia, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. [1]
Although the proportion of native speakers of German dialects in the new Imperial Territory was around 90%, Catholics in Alsace–Lorraine tended initially to be sceptical about the ethnographic unification with Germany, which had come about under the leadership of predominately Protestant Prussia. While the Catholics frequently identified with ...