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Pebble motion problems occur in domains such as multi-robot motion planning (in which the pebbles are robots) and network routing (in which the pebbles are packets of data). The best-known example of a pebble motion problem is the famous 15 puzzle where a disordered group of fifteen tiles must be rearranged within a 4x4 grid by sliding one tile ...
Gomoku, also called Five in a Row, is an abstract strategy board game.It is traditionally played with Go pieces (black and white stones) on a 15×15 Go board [1] [2] while in the past a 19×19 board was standard.
A precursor to the SMPTE test pattern was conceived by Norbert D. Larky (1927–2018) [5] [6] and David D. Holmes (1926–2006) [7] [8] of RCA Laboratories and first published in RCA Licensee Bulletin LB-819 on February 7, 1951. U.S. patent 2,742,525 Color Test Pattern Generator (now expired) was awarded on April 17, 1956, to Larky and Holmes. [9]
The twelve pentominoes. After an introductory chapter that enumerates the polyominoes up to the hexominoes (made from six squares), the next two chapters of the book concern the pentominoes (made from five squares), the rectangular shapes that can be formed from them, and the subsets of an chessboard into which the twelve pentominoes can be packed.
According to Jensen & Toft (1995), the problem was first formulated by Nelson in 1950, and first published by Gardner (1960). Hadwiger (1945) had earlier published a related result, showing that any cover of the plane by five congruent closed sets contains a unit distance in one of the sets, and he also mentioned the problem in a later paper (Hadwiger 1961).
The problem of finding equitable colorings with as few colors as possible (below the Hajnal-Szemerédi bound) has also been studied. A straightforward reduction from graph coloring to equitable coloring may be proven by adding sufficiently many isolated vertices to a graph, showing that it is NP-complete to test whether a graph has an equitable ...
The Fechner color effect is an illusion of color seen when looking at certain rapidly changing or moving black-and-white patterns. They are also called pattern induced flicker colors (PIFCs). A sample of a Benham's top (animated version) The effect is most commonly demonstrated with a device known as Benham's top (also called Benham's disk ...
Opalescence or play of color is an optical phenomenon associated with the mineraloid gemstone opal, [1] a hydrated silicon dioxide. [2] This effect appears as a milky, translucent glow that changes with the angle of light, often creating a soft, pearly sheen that can display various colors or hues.