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  2. Fluorescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence

    Fluorescence shifts energy in the incident illumination from shorter wavelengths to longer (such as blue to yellow) and thus can make the fluorescent color appear brighter (more saturated) than it could possibly be by reflection alone.

  3. Fluorescent lamp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp

    A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, to produce ultraviolet and make a phosphor coating in the lamp glow.

  4. Phosphor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor

    Jablonski diagram shows the energy levels in a fluorescing atom in a phosphor. An electron in the phosphor absorbs a high-energy photon from the applied radiation, exciting it to a higher energy level. After losing some energy in non-radiative transitions, it eventually transitions back to its ground state energy level by fluorescence, emitting ...

  5. List of light sources - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_light_sources

    This is a list of sources of light, the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.Light sources produce photons from another energy source, such as heat, chemical reactions, or conversion of mass or a different frequency of electromagnetic energy, and include light bulbs and stars like the Sun. Reflectors (such as the moon, cat's eyes, and mirrors) do not actually produce the light that ...

  6. Droplet-based microfluidics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droplet-based_Microfluidics

    Liquid-liquid extraction is a method used to separate an analyte from a complex mixture; with this method compounds separate based on their relative solubility in different immiscible liquid phases. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] To overcome some of the disadvantages associated with common bench top methods such as the shake-flask method, [ 203 ] Microfluidic ...

  7. Fluorescence spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_spectroscopy

    Furthermore, tryptophan fluorescence is strongly influenced by the proximity of other residues (i.e., nearby protonated groups such as Asp or Glu can cause quenching of Trp fluorescence). Also, energy transfer between tryptophan and the other fluorescent amino acids is possible, which would affect the analysis, especially in cases where the ...

  8. Fluorescence in the life sciences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_the_life...

    A simplified Jablonski diagram illustrating the change of energy levels.. The principle behind fluorescence is that the fluorescent moiety contains electrons which can absorb a photon and briefly enter an excited state before either dispersing the energy non-radiatively or emitting it as a photon, but with a lower energy, i.e., at a longer wavelength (wavelength and energy are inversely ...

  9. Phosphorescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorescence

    Jablonski diagram of an energy scheme used to explain the difference between fluorescence and phosphorescence. The excitation of molecule A to its singlet excited state ( 1 A*) may, after a short time between absorption and emission (fluorescence lifetime), return immediately to ground state , giving off a photon via fluorescence (decay time).