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Reciprocal socialization "is a socialization process that is bidirectional; children socialize parents just as parents socialize children". [1] For example, the interaction of mothers and their infants is sometimes symbolized as a dance or dialogue in which following actions of the partners are closely coordinated.
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological ... the prisoner's dilemma is a widely used example in game theory that attempts ... Reciprocal exchanges ...
This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as reciprocity bias, or the preference to reciprocate social actions. [2] Reciprocal actions differ from altruistic actions in that reciprocal actions tend to follow from others' initial actions, or occur in anticipation of a reciprocal action, while altruism, an interest in the welfare of others over ...
Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology and behaviourism. [3] Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive. [4] Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of ...
The research of social preferences in economics started with lab experiments in 1980, where experimental economists found subjects' behavior deviated systematically from self-interest behavior in economic games such as ultimatum game and dictator game. These experimental findings then inspired various new economic models to characterize agent's ...
The book details a theory on the emergence of cooperation between individuals, drawing from game theory and evolutionary biology. Since 2006, reprints of the book have included a foreword by Richard Dawkins and have been marketed as a revised edition.
But in fact any stable social structure in which there is a division of labor will involve a system of reciprocal exchanges of this generalized sort, as a way of sustaining social norms. All of these patterns of reciprocity, along with related ideas such as gratitude , have been central to social and political philosophy from Plato onward. [ 5 ]
A structure of mutual or reciprocal dependence is defining characteristic of all social relations based on exchange. [5] The mutual or reciprocal dependence can be either direct (restricted) or indirect (generalized). Both of them rest on a norm of reciprocity which provides guidance to both parties: takers are obliged to be givers. [6]
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