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Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine, benztropine, diphenhydramine, and trihexyphenidyl.
Withdrawal symptoms occur during dose reduction and may include insomnia, anxiety, distress, weight loss, dizziness, night sweats, shaking, muscle twitches, aphasia, panic attacks, depression, numbness,dissociation, paranoia, indigestion, diarrhea, and photophobia. As withdrawal progresses, patients often find their physical and mental health ...
[2] [3] To be classified as alcohol withdrawal syndrome, patients must exhibit at least two of the following symptoms: increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient hallucinations (auditory, visual or tactile), psychomotor agitation, anxiety, generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and autonomic instability. [12]
Delirium tremens (DTs; lit. ' mental disturbance with shaking ') is a rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol. [2] When it occurs, it is often three days into the withdrawal symptoms and lasts for two to three days. [2]
Rare (<0.1%) adverse effects include: Urinary retention; Prolonged QT interval; Torsades de Pointes; Ataxia; Breast enlargement or engorgement; Lactation; Cardiospasm
Psychomotor agitation is typically found in various mental disorders, especially in psychotic and mood disorders. It can be a result of drug intoxication or withdrawal. It can also be caused by severe hyponatremia. People with existing psychiatric disorders and men under the age of 40 are at a higher risk of developing psychomotor agitation. [2]