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The wearing course, also known as a friction course or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab.
Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]
This book covers the functional design of roads and highways including such things as the layout of intersections, horizontal curves, and vertical curves. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. This manual is the base bridge design manual that all DOTs ...
Highway engineering (also known as roadway engineering and street engineering) is a professional engineering discipline branching from the civil engineering subdiscipline of transportation engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, highways, streets, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.
AAPA (2000) Stone Mastic Asphalt Design and Application Guide, AAPA Implementation Guide IG−4. Austroads (2002) Asphalt Guide AP−G666/02; Austroads (2003) Selection and Design of Asphalt Mixes: Australian Provisional Guide. APRG Report 18. ARRB Transport Research; Austroads (2003) Guide to the selection of road surfacings, AP−G63/03
Public Safety Standards, United States (Federal Government) – Offers free downloads of documents, including AASHTO's "A Policy on Design Standards", that have been incorporated by reference into the US Code of Federal Regulations and can therefore be freely copied as edicts of government.
Maximum acceptable loss for the base course of the road is 45%; the more demanding surface course must be 35% or less. [1] The test was developed by the city engineers of Los Angeles in the 1920s. [8] The California Highway Commission found the new methodology superior to the established Deval abrasion test, and adopted the LA test in 1927. [8]
The base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting field. It is located under the surface layer consisting of the wearing course and sometimes an extra binder course. If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer.