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The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland fought dozens of battles with each other. They fought typically over land, and the Anglo-Scottish border frequently changed as a result. Prior to the establishment of the two kingdoms, in the 10th and 9th centuries, their predecessors, the Northumbrians , Picts and Dal Riatans , also fought a ...
A 15th-century illustration showing an English herald approaching a troop of Scottish soldiers. The Anglo-Scottish Wars comprise the various battles which continued to be fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland from the time of the Wars of Independence in the early 14th century through to the latter years of the 16th century.
Over forty locations have been proposed, from the southwest of England to Scotland, [50] [51] although most historians agree that a location in Northern England is the most plausible. [52] [13] Wirral Archaeology, a local volunteer group, believes that it may have identified the site of the battle near Bromborough on the Wirral. [53]
Bruce addresses his troops, from Cassell's History of England. [55] "Scots Wha Hae" is the title of a patriotic poem by Robert Burns. [56] The chorus of Scotland's unofficial national anthem Flower of Scotland refers to Scotland's victory over Edward and the English at Bannockburn. Many artworks depict the battle.
This is a chronological list of the battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland, as well as battles involving Scotland in support of France as part of the "Auld Alliance" . The list gives the name, the date, the present-day location of the battles, the Scottish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
Wylie, J. H., History of England under Henry the Fourth, reprinted from an 1884 London edition, New York, 1969, AMS, p. 290. Sir James Balfour Paul, The Scots Peerage, Edinburgh, 1905, pps:137/8, where it is stated that the Sir Patrick Hepburn of Hailes who died at this battle was "younger of Hailes", the son, not the father who survived him.
As soon as Grey saw the banners of March and Douglas battle was joined. The Englishmen rushed the Scots, but soon the superior Scottish numbers began to tell. The Scots won the day and took many prisoners, including Dacre, Grey, and his newly knighted son Sir Thomas Grey, and losing very few of their own, excepting John Haliburton of Dirleton .
Berwick, a royal burgh just north of the border, was Scotland's most important trading port, second only to London in economic importance in medieval Britain at that point. Berwick is referenced to be called "Alexandria of the North". Estimates also show that Berwick was, if not the most, one of the most populated towns in Scotland. [10]