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1932 Antielectron (or positron), the first antiparticle, discovered by Carl D. Anderson [13] (proposed by Paul Dirac in 1927 and by Ettore Majorana in 1928) : 1937 Muon (or mu lepton) discovered by Seth Neddermeyer, Carl D. Anderson, J.C. Street, and E.C. Stevenson, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays [14] (it was mistaken for the pion until 1947 [15])
Since then, the particle has been shown to behave, interact, and decay in many of the ways predicted for Higgs particles by the Standard Model, as well as having even parity and zero spin, two fundamental attributes of a Higgs boson. This also means it is the first elementary scalar particle discovered in nature.
This also makes the particle the first elementary scalar particle to be discovered in nature. [ 32 ] The following are examples of tests used to confirm that the discovered particle is the Higgs boson: [ s ] [ 13 ]
2000 scientists at Fermilab announce the first direct evidence for the tau neutrino, the third kind of neutrino in particle physics. [30] 2000 CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. [34] 2001 the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (Canada) confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations.
1981 – Fractional quantum Hall effect discovered; 1983 – Simulated annealing; 1984 – W and Z bosons directly observed; 1984 – First laboratory implementation of quantum cryptography; 1987 – High-temperature superconductivity discovered in 1986, awarded Nobel prize in 1987 (J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Müller) 1989–98 ...
The first to utilize the electric spark to produce an explosion of hydrogen and oxygen, mixed in the proper proportions, to produce pure water. 1784: Henry Cavendish: Discovered the inductive capacity of dielectrics (insulators) and, as early as 1778, measured the specific inductive capacity for beeswax and other substances by comparison with ...
The first lepton identified was the electron, discovered by J.J. Thomson and his team of British physicists in 1897. [23] [24] Then in 1930, Wolfgang Pauli postulated the electron neutrino to preserve conservation of energy, conservation of momentum, and conservation of angular momentum in beta decay. [25]
Thomson in 1897 was the first to suggest that one of the fundamental units of the atom was more than 1,000 times smaller than an atom, suggesting the subatomic particle now known as the electron. Thomson discovered this through his explorations on the properties of cathode rays.