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In addition to lepton number, lepton family numbers are defined as [4] the electron number, for the electron and the electron neutrino; the muon number, for the muon and the muon neutrino; and the tau number, for the tauon and the tau neutrino.
A muon (/ ˈ m (j) uː. ɒ n / M(Y)OO-on; from the Greek letter mu (μ) used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of −1 e and spin-1/2, but with a much greater mass. It is classified as a lepton. As with other leptons, the muon is not thought to be composed of any simpler particles.
The name lepton comes from the Greek λεπτός leptós, "fine, small, thin" (neuter nominative/accusative singular form: λεπτόν leptón); [14] [15] the earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek 𐀩𐀡𐀵, re-po-to, written in Linear B syllabic script. [16] Lepton was first used by physicist Léon Rosenfeld in 1948: [17]
They include the quarks and leptons, as well as any composite particles consisting of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is 1 / 2 .
All leptons carry a lepton number L = 1. In addition, leptons carry weak isospin, T 3, which is − 1 / 2 for the three charged leptons (i.e. electron, muon and tau) and + 1 / 2 for the three associated neutrinos. Each doublet of a charged lepton and a neutrino consisting of opposite T 3 are said to constitute one generation of ...
The two U(1) factors can be combined into U(1) Y × U(1) l, where l is the lepton number. Gauging of the lepton number is ruled out by experiment, leaving only the possible gauge group SU(2) L × U(1) Y. A similar argument in the quark sector also gives the same result for the electroweak theory.
Imagine trying to prove that 1+1=2, but when you do the calculations, it turns out that the result is off by 0.1%. That scenario is similar to the riddle that’s facing physicists worldwide as ...
In one type of charged current interaction, a charged lepton (such as an electron or a muon, having a charge of −1) can absorb a W + boson (a particle with a charge of +1) and be thereby converted into a corresponding neutrino (with a charge of 0), where the type ("flavour") of neutrino (electron ν e , muon ν μ , or tau ν τ ) is the same ...