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In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run of the program. This is in contrast to shorter-lived automatic variables, whose storage is stack allocated and deallocated on the call stack; and in contrast to dynamically allocated objects, whose storage is allocated and deallocated in heap ...
static is a reserved word in many programming languages to modify a declaration. The effect of the keyword varies depending on the details of the specific programming language, most commonly used to modify the lifetime (as a static variable) and visibility (depending on linkage), or to specify a class member instead of an instance member in classes.
This shows the typical layout of a simple computer's program memory with the text, various data, and stack and heap sections. The data segment contains initialized static variables, i.e. global variables and local static variables which have a defined value and can be modified. Examples in C include:
The different types of variables are static, stack-dynamic, explicit heap-dynamic, and implicit heap-dynamic. A static variable is also known as global variable, it is bound to a memory cell before execution begins and remains to the same memory cell until termination. A typical example is the static variables in C and C++.
Many static type systems, such as those of C and Java, require type declarations: the programmer must explicitly associate each variable with a specific type. Others, such as Haskell's, perform type inference : the compiler draws conclusions about the types of variables based on how programmers use those variables.
Microsoft Visual C++ compiler backend available in Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 uses SSA [31] SPIR-V, the shading language standard for the Vulkan graphics API and kernel language for OpenCL compute API, is an SSA representation. [32] The IBM family of XL compilers, which include C, C++ and Fortran. [33] NVIDIA CUDA [34]
Common Lisp has numerous standard dynamic variables, and so threads cannot be sensibly added to an implementation of the language without these variables having thread-local semantics in dynamic binding. For instance the standard variable *print-base* determines the default radix in which integers are printed. If this variable is overridden ...
At runtime, this program creates three separate heap allocations. A flow-insensitive pointer analysis would treat these as a single abstract memory location, leading to a loss of precision. Many flow-insensitive algorithms are specified in Datalog, including those in the Soot analysis framework for Java. [7]