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Naturally occurring rhodium (45 Rh) is composed of only one stable isotope, 103 Rh. [4] The most stable radioisotopes are 101 Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, 102 Rh with a half-life of 207 days, and 99 Rh with a half-life of 16.1 days. Thirty other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 88.949 u (89 Rh) to 121. ...
At 3% fission products by weight, one ton of used fuel will contain about 400 grams of rhodium. The longest lived radioisotope of rhodium is 102m Rh with a half-life of 2.9 years, while the ground state (102 Rh) has a half-life of 207 days. [1] Each kilogram of fission rhodium will contain 6.62 ng of 102 Rh and 3.68 ng of 102m Rh.
Used nuclear fuel is therefore a potential source of rhodium, but the extraction is complex and expensive, and the presence of rhodium radioisotopes requires a period of cooling storage for multiple half-lives of the longest-lived isotope (101 Rh with a half-life of 3.3 years, and 102m Rh with a half-life of 2.9 years), or about 10 years. These ...
Some α emitting isotopes such as 225 Ac and 213 Bi are only available in limited quantities from 229 Th decay, although cyclotron production is feasible. [9] [10] [11] Among alpha-emitting radiometals according to availability, chelation chemistry, and half-life, 212 Pb is also a promising candidate for targeted alpha-therapy.
Some radioisotopes are used in ionic or inert form without attachment to a pharmaceutical; these are also included. There is a section for each radioisotope with a table of radiopharmaceuticals using that radioisotope. The sections are ordered alphabetically by the English name of the radioisotope.
A major use of systemic radioisotope therapy is in the treatment of bone metastasis from cancer. The radioisotopes travel selectively to areas of damaged bone, and spare normal undamaged bone. Isotopes commonly used in the treatment of bone metastasis are radium-223, [113] strontium-89 and samarium (153 Sm) lexidronam. [114]
Radiation therapy is used to kill cancer cells; however, normal cells are also damaged in the process. Currently, therapeutic doses of radiation can be targeted to tumors with great accuracy using linear accelerators in radiation oncology; however, when irradiating using external beam radiotherapy, the beam will always need to travel through healthy tissue, and the normal liver tissue is very ...
Some radioisotopes (for example gallium-67, gallium-68, and radioiodine) are used directly as soluble ionic salts, without further modification. This use relies on the chemical and biological properties of the radioisotope itself, to localize it within the body.