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Subacute bacterial endocarditis; Other names: Endocarditis lenta: Vegetation of tricuspid valve by ECHO: Specialty: Cardiology Symptoms: Malaise, weakness [1] Causes: Streptococcus mutans, mitis, sanguis or milleri bacteria [2] [3] Diagnostic method: Blood culture specimens over 24-hour period/analysis [4] Treatment: Intravenous penicillin [2]
Infective endocarditis is divided into the three categories of acute, subacute, and chronic based on the duration of symptoms. [11] Acute infective endocarditis refers to the presence of signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis that are present for days up to six weeks. [11]
In the subacute form of infective endocarditis, a vegetation may also include a center of granulomatous tissue, which may fibrose or calcify. [2] There are several ways to classify endocarditis. The simplest classification is based on cause: either infective or non-infective, depending on whether a microorganism is the source of the ...
The nodes are commonly indicative of subacute bacterial endocarditis. [4] 10–25% of endocarditis patients will have Osler's nodes. [5] Other signs of endocarditis include Roth's spots and Janeway lesions. The latter, which also occur on the palms and soles, can be differentiated from Osler's nodes because they are non-tender. [3]
A heart attack may produce similar symptoms to pericarditis. [1] Treatment in most cases is with NSAIDs and possibly the anti-inflammatory medication colchicine. [6] Steroids may be used if these are not appropriate. [6] Symptoms usually improve in a few days to weeks but can occasionally last months. [3]
The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious Gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection. [1] HACEK is an abbreviation of the initials of the genera of this group of bacteria: Haemophilus , Aggregatibacter (previously Actinobacillus ...
More specifically, fulminant myocarditis is characterized by a distinct, rapid onset of severe heart failure symptoms, such as shortness of breath and chest pain, that develop over the course of hours to days. Additionally, treatment requires the use of medications or mechanical devices to improve heart function. [15] [16]
S. sanguinis may gain entrance to the bloodstream when opportunity presents (dental cleanings and surgeries) and colonize the heart valves, particularly the mitral and aortic valves, where it is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. For this reason, oral surgeons often prescribe a short course of antibiotics to be taken a ...