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The Pantheon in Rome is an example of Roman concrete construction. Caesarea harbour: an example of underwater Roman concrete technology on a large scale. Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was used in construction in ancient Rome. Like its modern equivalent, Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement added to an aggregate.
Roman cement is a substance developed by James Parker in the 1780s, being patented in 1796. [1] [2] The name is misleading, as it is nothing like any material used by ...
The Romans discovered that substituting or supplementing the sand with a pozzolanic additive, such as volcanic ash, would produce a very hard cement, known as hydraulic mortar or hydraulic cement. They used it widely in structures such as buildings, public baths and aqueducts, ensuring their survival into the modern era.
Calcium is a binding agent in Roman concrete, which makes it remarkably strong. Figuring out where it came from was the key to solving this architectural mystery.
It is a form of Roman concrete (opus caementicium), the main difference being the addition of small pieces of broken pot, including amphorae, tiles or brick, instead of other aggregates. [1] Its main advantage over opus caementicium was that it is waterproof, the reason for its widespread use in Roman baths , aqueducts, cisterns and any ...
Roman concrete, or opus caementicium, incorporated volcanic ash, making it incredibly durable. Structures like the Pantheon and aqueducts stand as testaments to its strength.
Roman concrete was superior to other concrete recipes (for example, those consisting of only sand and lime) [1] used by other cultures. Besides volcanic ash for making regular Roman concrete, brick dust can also be used. Besides regular Roman concrete, the Romans also invented hydraulic concrete, which they made from volcanic ash and clay.
In contrast to modern concrete structures, the concrete used in Roman buildings was usually covered with brick or stone. The Romans used concrete extensively from 300 BC to AD 476. [18] During the Roman Empire, Roman concrete (or opus caementicium) was made from quicklime, pozzolana and an aggregate of pumice. [19]