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Thus they are instead given as basic dimensions. In modern practice basic dimensions have a rectangular box around them, or sometimes the word "BASIC". BC or B.C. bolt circle: BCD or B.C.D. bolt circle diameter: BHC bolt hole circle Same definition as the bolt circle diameter BHCS: button head cap screw: Like an SHCS but with a button head. BHN
A horizontal curve with a significantly smaller radius than those before it may need enhanced curve signs. [13] This is an improvement on the concept of design speed, which only sets a lower limit for geometric design. In the example given above, a long tangent followed by a sharp curve would be acceptable if a 30 mph design speed was chosen.
as one would expect. This is equivalent to the above definition of the 2D mean diameter. However, for historical reasons, the hydraulic radius is defined as the cross-sectional area of a pipe A, divided by its wetted perimeter P, which leads to =, and the hydraulic radius is half of the 2D mean radius. [3]
A chord (from the Latin chorda, meaning "bowstring") of a circle is a straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on a circular arc. If a chord were to be extended infinitely on both directions into a line, the object is a secant line. The perpendicular line passing through the chord's midpoint is called sagitta (Latin for "arrow").
In the UK, city boundaries are more difficult to define, and the specific concept of a city boundary as opposed to e.g. a town or borough boundary, is less useful: British cities are defined as any town or local authority area, regardless of area or population size, that has been granted letters patent as a royal prerogative.
Squircle centred on the origin (a = b = 0) with minor radius r = 1: x 4 + y 4 = 1. A squircle is a shape intermediate between a square and a circle. There are at least two definitions of "squircle" in use, one based on the superellipse, the other arising from work in optics. The word "squircle" is a portmanteau of the words
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For example, Metric Spaces by E. T. Copson uses the term boundary to refer to Hausdorff's border, which is defined as the intersection of a set with its boundary. [1] Hausdorff also introduced the term residue , which is defined as the intersection of a set with the closure of the border of its complement.