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  2. Barter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter

    In business, barter has the benefit that one gets to know each other, one discourages investments for rent (which is inefficient) and one can impose trade sanctions on dishonest partners. [ 29 ] According to the International Reciprocal Trade Association , the industry trade body, more than 450,000 businesses transacted $10 billion globally in ...

  3. Coincidence of wants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence_of_wants

    Besides barter, other kinds of in-kind transactions also suffer from the coincidence of wants problem in the absence of a medium of exchange. Romance, for example often relies on a double coincidence of wants. If Max likes Mallory but Mallory does not like Max, then the two cannot meaningfully exchange the benefits of romance.

  4. Coase theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coase_theorem

    In law and economics, the Coase theorem (/ ˈ k oʊ s /) describes the economic efficiency of an economic allocation or outcome in the presence of externalities.The theorem is significant because, if true, the conclusion is that it is possible for private individuals to make choices that can solve the problem of market externalities.

  5. History of money - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_money

    With barter, an individual possessing any surplus of value, such as a measure of grain or a quantity of livestock, could directly exchange it for something perceived to have similar or greater value or utility, such as a clay pot or a tool, however, the capacity to carry out barter transactions is limited in that it depends on a coincidence of ...

  6. Medium of exchange - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_of_exchange

    In a barter transaction, one valuable good is exchanged for another of approximately equivalent value. William Stanley Jevons described how a widely accepted medium allows each barter exchange to be split into three difficulties of barter. [19] A medium of exchange is deemed to eliminate the need for a coincidence of wants.

  7. Trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade

    Traders generally negotiate through a medium of credit or exchange, such as money. Though some economists characterize barter (i.e. trading things without the use of money [1]) as an early form of trade, money was invented before written history began. Consequently, any story of how money first developed is mostly based on conjecture and ...

  8. Edgeworth box - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgeworth_box

    Arrow and Debreu do not explain why they require global separation, which may have made their proofs easier but can be seen to have unexpected consequences. In Fig. 13 the point x is a point of tangency which is also a point at which indifference curves are locally separated by the dashed price line; but since they are not globally separated ...

  9. Non-monetary economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-monetary_economy

    A moneyless economy or nonmonetary economy is a system for allocation of goods and services without payment of money. The simplest example is the family household.Other examples include barter economies, gift economies and primitive communism.