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  2. Fermat's factorization method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_factorization_method

    For example, to factor =, the first try for a is the square root of 5959 rounded up to the next integer, which is 78. Then b 2 = 78 2 − 5959 = 125 {\displaystyle b^{2}=78^{2}-5959=125} . Since 125 is not a square, a second try is made by increasing the value of a by 1.

  3. Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_theorem_on_sums_of...

    Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares is strongly related with the theory of Gaussian primes.. A Gaussian integer is a complex number + such that a and b are integers. The norm (+) = + of a Gaussian integer is an integer equal to the square of the absolute value of the Gaussian integer.

  4. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    The polynomial x 2 + cx + d, where a + b = c and ab = d, can be factorized into (x + a)(x + b).. In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind.

  5. Sum of two squares theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_two_squares_theorem

    An integer greater than one can be written as a sum of two squares if and only if its prime decomposition contains no factor p k, where prime and k is odd. In writing a number as a sum of two squares, it is allowed for one of the squares to be zero, or for both of them to be equal to each other, so all squares and all doubles of squares are ...

  6. Integer factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_factorization

    A general-purpose factoring algorithm, also known as a Category 2, Second Category, or Kraitchik family algorithm, [10] has a running time which depends solely on the size of the integer to be factored. This is the type of algorithm used to factor RSA numbers. Most general-purpose factoring algorithms are based on the congruence of squares method.

  7. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    The formula for the difference of two squares can be used for factoring polynomials that contain the square of a first quantity minus the square of a second quantity. For example, the polynomial x 4 − 1 {\displaystyle x^{4}-1} can be factored as follows:

  8. Quadratic sieve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_sieve

    Factor the b i and generate exponent vectors mod 2 for each one. Use linear algebra to find a subset of these vectors which add to the zero vector. Multiply the corresponding a i together and give the result mod n the name a; similarly, multiply the b i together which yields a B-smooth square b 2.

  9. Factorization of polynomials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization_of_polynomials

    Modern algorithms and computers can quickly factor univariate polynomials of degree more than 1000 having coefficients with thousands of digits. [3] For this purpose, even for factoring over the rational numbers and number fields, a fundamental step is a factorization of a polynomial over a finite field.