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The Bonnington Chemical Works began marketing copper sulphide anti-fouling paint around 1850. [8] Other widely used anti-fouling paints were developed in the late 19th century, with some 213 anti-fouling patents being recorded by 1872. [6] Among the most widely used in the 1880s and 1890s was a hot plastic composition known as Italian Morovian. [6]
Most antifouling coatings are based upon chemical compounds that inhibit fouling. When incorporated into marine coatings, these biocides leach into the immediate surroundings and minimize fouling. The classic synthetic antifouling agent is tributyltin (TBT). Natural biocides typically show lower environmental impact but variable effectiveness.
The International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems in Ships (AFS Convention) is a 2001 International Maritime Organization (IMO) treaty whereby states agree to prohibit the use of harmful anti-fouling paints and other anti-fouling systems that contain harmful substances.
The structure of tributyltin oxide: the most common TBT compound used in marine paint Biofouling on the hull of a boat. Tributyltin (TBT) is an umbrella term for a class of organotin compounds which contain the (C 4 H 9) 3 Sn group, with a prominent example being tributyltin oxide. [1]
Pettit Marine Paint is a manufacturer of marine (boat) coatings, antifouling boat bottom paint, varnish and epoxies for consumer and commercial markets. The company was established in 1861, its headquarters are located in Rockaway , New Jersey .
Ultra-low fouling is a rating of a surface's ability to shed potential contamination. Surfaces are prone to contamination, which is a phenomenon known as fouling. Unwanted adsorbates caused by fouling change the properties of a surface, which is often counter-productive to the function of that surface.