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Early method of bleaching cotton and linen goods on lawns A bleach worker. The textile bleaching (or bleaching of textiles) is one of the steps in the textile manufacturing process. The objective of bleaching is to remove the natural color for the following steps such as dyeing or printing or to achieve full white. [1]
A bleachfield or bleaching green was an open area used for spreading cloth on the ground to be purified and whitened by the action of the sunlight. [1] Bleaching fields were usually found in and around mill towns in Great Britain and were an integral part of textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution .
A major source of chemical bleaching is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) that contains a single bond, (–O–O–). When the bond breaks, it gives rise to very reactive oxygen specie, which is the active agent of the bleach. Around sixty percent of the world's hydrogen peroxide is used in chemical bleaching of textiles and wood pulp. [7]
The manufacture of textiles is one of the oldest of human technologies. To make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fiber from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning . The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving , with color and patterns, which turns it into cloth .
Reductive bleaching is also carried out, using sodium hydrosulphite. Fibers like polyamide, polyacrylics and polyacetates can be bleached using reductive bleaching technology. After scouring and bleaching, optical brightening agents (OBA), are applied to make the textile material appear more white. These OBAs are available in different tints ...
The bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing stages of the textile industry are mostly to blame because they use water as their main medium to put dyes and chemicals on textiles. [15] [6] In the last few decades, it has become an increasingly important part of a dyer's job to think about how dyes and processes affect the environment. [1]
"Bleaching is like a fever in humans," said ecologist David Obura, director of Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean East Africa. "We get a fever to resist a disease, and if ...
Textile manufacturing in the modern era is an evolved form of the art and craft industries. Until the 18th and 19th centuries, the textile industry was a household work. It became mechanised in the 18th and 19th centuries, and has continued to develop through science and technology since the twentieth century. [2]