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The desirable (left) and undesirable pathways for partial hydrogenation of an unsaturated fat. Elaidic acid is a trans fat with negative health effects. Full hydrogenation results in the conversion of all of the unsaturated fats into saturated fats by transforming all of the double bonds in the fat into single bonds.
3 Saturated fats from full hydrogenation. ... Template talk: Fat composition in different foods (table) Add languages. Page contents not supported in other languages.
The hydrogenation process was widely adopted by the food industry in the early 1900s; first for the production of margarine, a replacement for butter and shortening, [37] and eventually for various other fats used in snack food, packaged baked goods, and deep fried products. [17] Full hydrogenation of a fat or oil produces a fully saturated fat.
The hydrogenation of triglycerides (vs fatty acids) is advantageous because the carboxylic acids degrade the nickel catalysts, affording nickel soaps. During partial hydrogenation, unsaturated fatty acids can be isomerized from cis to trans configuration.
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In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation ( rancidity ).
Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that are required by humans and other animals for normal physiological function that cannot be synthesized in the body. [1] [2] As they are not synthesized in the body, the essential fatty acids – alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid – must be obtained from food or from a dietary supplement.
The processing of fats by hydrogenation can convert some unsaturated fats into trans fat]]s. The presence of trans fats in various processed foods has received much attention. Margarine , a common product that can contain trans fats Cover of original Crisco cookbook, 1912.