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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]
Henoch–Schönlein purpura is a small-vessel vasculitis in which complexes of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement component 3 (C3) are deposited on arterioles, capillaries, and venules (hence it is a type III hypersensitivity reaction).
The result is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis. [2] This results in hypocomplementemia, a low C3 level in serum. [2] They can also cause more reactions, causing the typical symptoms of serum sickness. This is similar to a generalised Arthus reaction. [2]
Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. [2] Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. [3] Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage.
If no underlying cause is found and the vasculitis is truly limited to the skin then treatment is primarily supportive. [13] Such treatment involves measures such as leg elevation, stockings, and topical steroids to relieve itching/burning. If the vasculitis does not self-resolve within 3–4 weeks, more aggressive treatment may be warranted. [13]
Necrotizing vasculitis, also called systemic necrotizing vasculitis, [1] is a general term for the inflammation of veins and arteries that develops into necrosis and narrows the vessels. [ 2 ] Tumors , medications, allergic reactions , and infectious organisms are some of the recognized triggers for these conditions, even though the precise ...
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a form of inflammation affecting the blood vessels caused by the deposition of abnormal proteins called cryoglobulins. These immunoglobulin proteins are soluble at normal body temperatures, but become insoluble below 37 °C (98.6 °F) and subsequently may aggregate within smaller blood vessels.
In chronic venous insufficiency, sonographic examination is of most benefit; in confirming varicose disease, making an assessment of the hemodynamics, and charting the progression of the disease and its response to treatment. It has become the reference standard for examining the condition and hemodynamics of the lower limb veins.