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An integrated slum dwelling and informal economy inside Dharavi of Mumbai. Dharavi slum started in 1887 with industrial and segregationist policies of the British colonial era. The slum housing, tanneries, pottery and other economy established inside and around Dharavi during the British rule of India. [2] [3] [4] Prem Sagar
A demolition on 2 and 3 April 2013 in the Golibar area, Mumbai, Maharashtra evicting 43 houses and displacing more than 200 people, was the backdrop against which the movement was born. The resident communities demanded in-situ and participatory housing rights.
The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 1.12 million, which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai. [11] Over 7 million people, over 42% of the population of Mumbai, live in informal housing or slums, yet they cover only 6–8% of the city's land area.
A lack of housing coupled with high population growth, and has resulted in individuals living in low-cost illegal buildings [8] [9] or building shanties or huts on illegal land. [4] For instance, many people have moved to the greater Mumbai area in search of jobs, and without affordable housing, thousands sleep in slums or on the streets. [8]
Dharavi slum in Mumbai, pictured in 2008. Between 2008 and 2010, the state government gifted over 500 acres (200 ha) of slum areas to six developments on a first-come-first-serve basis, without any checks taking place on developer's credentials and under Section 3K of the Slum Act, which bypasses the usually mandatory requirement to obtain 70% consent of slum dwellers.
Homelessness is in part a direct result of families migrating from rural to urban cities and urbanization. [12] Migration to urban areas can occur for a variety of reasons ranging from loss of land, need for sustainable employment, lack of clean water and other resources, and in some cases like the Bargi Dam Project, loss of all property and complete displacement. [13]
In year 2011, a report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) said, "The episode of Adarsh co-operative Housing Society reveals how a group of select officials, placed in key posts, could subvert rules and regulations in order to grab prime government land – a public property – for personal benefit." [3]
The erstwhile Bombay Housing and Area Development Board was restructured by a Government Resolution dated 5.11.1992 and split into three separate Boards viz. Bombay Housing and Area Development Board, Bombay Building Repairs and Reconstruction Board and Bombay Slum Improvement Board Under the Government Resolution No. 2679/B, dated 22.7.1992.