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The use of personal protective equipment may substantially reduce the risk of adverse health effects from contact with hazardous materials. [2] Long-term exposure to chemical hazards such as silica dust, engine exhausts, tobacco smoke, and lead (among others) have been shown to increase risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. [3]
Chemicals in use in industry and research have a range of properties which cause them to be hazardous to life. These include explosiveness, flammability, toxicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. [4] Corrosive substances such as strong alkalis or acids can cause chemical burning. Any one chemical or mixture may exhibit several of these ...
Hazardous material – Solids, liquids, or gases harmful to people, other organisms, property or the environment; Natural hazard – Conditions that could lead to a natural disaster; Occupational hazard – Hazard experienced in the workplace; Hazardous waste – Ignitable, reactive, corrosive and/or toxic unwanted or unusable materials
Hazardous chemicals present physical and/or health threats to workers in clinical, industrial, and academic laboratories. Laboratory chemicals include cancer-causing agents (carcinogens), toxins (e.g., those affecting the liver, kidney, and nervous system), irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, as well as agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Cultural heritage collections contain many materials known to be hazardous to the environment and to human health. Some hazardous substances may be an integral part of the object (such as a toxic paint pigment or a naturally radioactive mineral sample), applied as a treatment after the object was made (such as a pesticide) or the result of material degradation (such as the exudation of ...
A hazard only exists if there is a pathway to exposure. As an example, the center of the Earth consists of molten material at very high temperatures which would be a severe hazard if contact was made with the core. However, there is no feasible way of making contact with the core, therefore the center of the Earth currently poses no hazard.
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates the handling of hazardous materials in the workplace as well as response to hazardous-materials-related incidents, most notably through Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response . [20] regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.120.
The geographical extent of sources may be very large. For example, up to one-sixth of China's arable land might be affected by heavy metal contamination. [23] Lead is the most prevalent heavy metal contaminant. [24] As a component of tetraethyl lead, (CH 3 CH 2) 4 Pb, it was used extensively in gasoline during the 1930s–1970s. [25]