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Other serious side effects may include QT prolongation, heart failure, or bronchospasm. [4] Sotalol is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker which has both class II and class III antiarrhythmic properties. [1] Sotalol was first described in 1964 and came into medical use in 1974. [5] It is available as a generic medication. [4]
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Type A: augmented pharmacological effects, which are dose-dependent and predictable [5]; Type A reactions, which constitute approximately 80% of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug's primary pharmacological effect (e.g., bleeding when using the anticoagulant warfarin) or a low therapeutic index of the drug (e.g., nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable.
Kidney function gradually decreases as someone ages. The elderly are also likely to be underweight. In addition, these older people tend to be dehydrated and be taking other medications. These factors increase the likelihood of developing side effects of digoxin and digoxin toxicity. Often lowering the dose is considered by the prescriber. [6]
Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.
Side effects of oral amiodarone at doses of 400 mg or higher include various pulmonary effects. [44] The most serious reaction is interstitial lung disease . Risk factors include high cumulative dose, more than 400 milligrams per day, duration over two months, increased age, and preexisting pulmonary disease.
Cialis has several common side effects, many of which also happen with other drugs used to treat ED, like sildenafil (generic Viagra®), vardenafil , and avanafil (Stendra®).
This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. [44] Only small amounts of atenolol are said to enter the brain. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The brain-to-blood ratio of atenolol was 0.2 : 1 in one study, whereas the ratio for propranolol was 33 : 1 in the same study.