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The type of PFAS remediation technology selected is often a reflection of the PFAS contamination levels and the PFAS signature (i.e. the combination of short- and long-chain PFAS substances present) in conjunction with the site-specific water chemistry and cross contaminants present in the liquid stream.
All of these methods promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals or other oxidizing agents that can oxidize PFAS and break its C−C bonds. [3] [4] However, the remediation of PFAS depends on the environmental medium where the these compounds reside. For example, the treatment of contaminated soil, biosolids and water is not the same, and risk ...
In 2023, the United States EPA proposed "the first (US national) standard to limit (PFAs) in drinking water;" albeit only six of >12,000 such chemicals were addressed. [11] At high temperatures or in a fire, fluoroelastomers decompose and may release hydrogen fluoride. Any residue must be handled using protective equipment. [citation needed]
PFAS accumulates in the body, which is why EPA set their limits for drinking water at 4 parts per trillion for two common types — PFOA and PFOS — that are phased out of manufacturing but still are present in the environment. Health experts say low doses of the chemicals can build up in the body over time, so even small amounts are a problem.
The risks of PFAS, sometimes known as "forever chemicals," have long been known. But it's more complicated than it sounds.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (conjugate base perfluorooctanesulfonate) is a chemical compound having an eight-carbon fluorocarbon chain and a sulfonic acid functional group, and thus it is a perfluorosulfonic acid and a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). It is an anthropogenic (man-made) fluorosurfactant, now regarded as a global pollutant.
Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) is not a medication and does not have any approved medical uses. It is widely used as an industrial chemical, and is persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the body. Numerous studies point to its negative health effects. [23] [24] It has been detected in the blood of people and animals worldwide.
Studies have shown that the chemicals have been linked to reproductive and developmental problems as well as cancerous tumors.