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The most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) overall is autoimmune adrenalitis. [2] The prevalence of Addison's disease ranges from 5 to 221 per million in different countries. [30] In children, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency, with an incidence 1 in 14,200 ...
The frequency rate of Addison's disease in the human population is sometimes estimated at one in 100,000. [39] Some put the number closer to 40–144 cases per million population (1/25,000–1/7,000). [1] [40] [41] Addison's can affect persons of any age, sex, or ethnicity, but it typically presents in adults between 30 and 50 years of age.
The symptoms of Cushing's disease are similar to those seen in other causes of Cushing's syndrome. [5] Patients with Cushing's disease usually present with one or more signs and symptoms secondary to the presence of excess cortisol or ACTH. [6] Although uncommon, some patients with Cushing's disease have large pituitary tumors (macroadenomas).
Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol. [4] [9] [10] Signs and symptoms may include high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face due to facial plethora, [11] a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals ...
Adrenal crisis; Other names: Acute adrenal insufficiency, Addisonian crisis, Acute adrenal failure. [1]49-year-old male with an adrenal crisis. Appearance, showing lack of facial hair, dehydration, Queen Anne's sign (panel A), pale skin, muscular and weight loss, and loss of body hair (panel B).
Hypercortisolemia with prolonged or excessive use (also known as, exogenous Cushing's syndrome) Impaired memory and attention deficits [50] See steroid dementia syndrome. Adrenal insufficiency (if used for long time and stopped suddenly without a taper) Muscle and tendon breakdown (proteolysis), weakness, reduced muscle mass and repair [51] [31]
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Cushing's is an umbrella term for conditions caused by elevated cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Cushing's disease most commonly refers to pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, the most common condition of Cushing's syndrome, but 'Cushing's' is used to refer to all hyperadrenocorticism conditions. [2]