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By overwriting the data on the storage device, the data is rendered irrecoverable. Ideally, software designed for data erasure should: Allow for selection of a specific standard, based on unique needs, and; Verify the overwriting method has been successful and removed data across the entire device.
Data remanence is the residual representation of digital data that remains even after attempts have been made to remove or erase the data. This residue may result from data being left intact by a nominal file deletion operation, by reformatting of storage media that does not remove data previously written to the media, or through physical properties of the storage media that allow previously ...
This is because many operating systems create temporary files in order to boot, and these may overwrite areas of lost data — rendering it unrecoverable. Viewing web pages has the same effect — potentially overwriting lost files with the temporary HTML and image files created when viewing a web page.
If implemented correctly, the built-in sanitization feature is sufficient to render data unrecoverable. The NIST approves of the use of this feature. [19] [20] There have been a few reported instances of failures to erase some or all data due to buggy firmware, sometimes readily apparent in a sector editor. [21] [22] [23]
Many of the local authorities agreed to, or were ordered to, repay the sums they received. But the banks nevertheless were estimated to have written off £600 million which was either unrecoverable or compromised as part of the litigation. [7] However, commentators have noted that the doctrine of ultra vires worked exactly as it was intended to ...
The most common data recovery scenarios involve an operating system failure, malfunction of a storage device, logical failure of storage devices, accidental damage or deletion, etc. (typically, on a single-drive, single-partition, single-OS system), in which case the ultimate goal is simply to copy all important files from the damaged media to another new drive.
In finance, bad debt, occasionally called uncollectible accounts expense, is a monetary amount owed to a creditor that is unlikely to be paid and for which the creditor is not willing to take action to collect for various reasons, often due to the debtor not having the money to pay, for example due to a company going into liquidation or insolvency.
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. [1] [2] Sunk costs are contrasted with prospective costs, which are future costs that may be avoided if action is taken. [3]