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A historical timelines of Niagara Falls and the Niagara River. From pre-history, through war and industry, all the way up to the modern tourism era.
In about 15,000 years, the cliff edge will reach a riverbed of soft shale—and then Nature will upstage any human efforts. Niagara Falls will crumble and irrevocably disappear.
For five months in 1969, water flowing to the New York side of Niagara Falls was diverted, leaving a 100‑foot‑high dry cliff.
The rock strata from the Silurian Period (about 444 to 419 million years ago) in the Niagara gorge are nearly horizontal, dipping southward only about 20 feet per mile (almost 4 metres per km). An upper layer of hard dolomite is underlain by softer layers of shale.
Niagara Falls was formed starting more than 12,000 years ago at the end of the Ice Age when large torrents of water were released from the melting ice, draining into the Niagara River. The water plunged over the edge of the Niagara Escarpment – to what is now known as Lewiston, NY.
An area 12,300 years in the making, Niagara Falls is a natural wonder unlike any other. The history of Niagara Falls goes back thousands of years, to the Ice Age, when large torrents of water were released from the melting ice, draining into what is now known as the Niagara River.
History of Niagara Falls – Events from thousands of years ago. 18 000 years ago, Niagara region was covered with thick ice sheets and with its advancements southward, it formed the basin that became the Great Lakes. 12 500 years ago, with ice sheets melting, lakes and riverbeds were formed.
Their ancestors’ footsteps arrived approximately 13,000 years ago as the melting glaciers retreated northward, revealing the great lakes of Erie and Ontario and the mighty Niagara River. Discover the rich indigenous history and culture of Niagara Falls with these experiences:
Geologists estimate that the Falls started to form at the end of the Ice Age about 12,000 years ago when massive torrents of water, released from melting ice caps, drained into the Niagara River. The deluge plunged over the edge of the Niagara Escarpment, near where Lewiston, New York, sits today.
The falls were formed some 14,000 years ago as retreating glaciers exposed the Niagara Escarpment, permitting the waters of Lake Erie, which formerly drained south, to flow northward into Lake Ontario.