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A branch of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Compare nuclear physics. atomic structure atomic weight (A) The sum total of protons (or electrons) and neutrons within an atom. audio frequency A periodic vibration whose frequency is in the band audible to the average human, the human hearing range.
A common example of quantum numbers is the possible state of an electron in a central potential: (,,,), which corresponds to the eigenstate of observables (in terms of ), (magnitude of angular momentum), (angular momentum in -direction), and .
velocity in terms of the speed of light c: unitless beta particle: gamma: Lorentz factor: unitless photon: gamma ray: shear strain: radian heat capacity ratio: unitless surface tension: newton per meter (N/m) delta: change in a variable (e.g. ) unitless Laplace operator: per square meter (m −2)
Classical physics traditionally includes the fields of mechanics, optics, electricity, magnetism, acoustics and thermodynamics.The term Modern physics is normally used for fields which rely heavily on quantum theory, including quantum mechanics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, particle physics and condensed matter physics.
This glossary of astronomy is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to astronomy and cosmology, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. Astronomy is concerned with the study of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth. The field of astronomy features an extensive vocabulary and a ...
This is a glossary for the terminology applied in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum metaphysics, collectively called quantum philosophy, a subfield of philosophy of physics. Note that this is a highly debated field, hence different researchers may have different definitions on the terms.
They include common physical phenomena, physical quantities and physics equations (and formula, relations) as well as some general concepts in physics. The main article for this category is Outline of physics § General concepts of physics .
Another group of physics terminology terms, exciton, magnon, phonon, plasmon, phason, [7] polaron, roton [8] etc., refers to quasiparticles – quanta of corresponding excitations (spin, heat, plasma, polarization waves), which do not exist separately and were imagined by theoretists to consistently describe properties of solids and liquids.