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The interior of the unit circle is called the open unit disk, while the interior of the unit circle combined with the unit circle itself is called the closed unit disk. One may also use other notions of "distance" to define other "unit circles", such as the Riemannian circle; see the article on mathematical norms for additional examples.
Example: Given the mean and variance (as well as all further cumulants equal 0) the normal distribution is the distribution solving the moment problem. In mathematics , a moment problem arises as the result of trying to invert the mapping that takes a measure μ {\displaystyle \mu } to the sequence of moments
Note that the bounds of integration may as well be π and − π, as in the previous example, or any other pair of endpoints 2 π apart. The trick is to use the substitution z = e it where dz = ie it dt and hence =. This substitution maps the interval [0, 2π] to the unit circle.
Let be the center of a unit circle. A goat/bull/horse is tethered at point Q {\displaystyle Q} on the circumference. How long does the rope r {\displaystyle r} need to be to allow the animal to graze on exactly one half of the circle's area (white area in diagram, in plane geometry, called a lens )?
Circle packing in a circle is a two-dimensional packing problem with the objective of packing unit circles into the smallest possible larger circle. Table of solutions, 1 ≤ n ≤ 20 [ edit ]
Packing circles in a circle - closely related to spreading points in a unit circle with the objective of finding the greatest minimal separation, d n, between points. Optimal solutions have been proven for n ≤ 13 , and n = 19 .
The problem addressed by the circle method is to force the issue of taking r = 1, by a good understanding of the nature of the singularities f exhibits on the unit circle. The fundamental insight is the role played by the Farey sequence of rational numbers, or equivalently by the roots of unity :
For example, consider the problem of finding the length of a quarter of the unit circle by numerically integrating the arc length integral. The upper half of the unit circle can be parameterized as y = 1 − x 2 . {\displaystyle y={\sqrt {1-x^{2}}}.}