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The informed consent doctrine is generally implemented through good healthcare practice: pre-operation discussions with patients and the use of medical consent forms in hospitals. However, reliance on a signed form should not undermine the basis of the doctrine in giving the patient an opportunity to weigh and respond to the risk.
Informed refusal is where a person has refused a recommended medical treatment based upon an understanding of the facts and implications of not following the treatment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Informed refusal is linked to the informed consent process, as a patient has a right to consent, but also may choose to refuse.
In some cases a living will may forbid the use of various kinds of burdensome medical treatment. It may also be used to express wishes about the use or foregoing of food and water, if supplied via tubes or other medical devices. The living will is used only if the individual has become unable to give informed consent or refusal due to incapacity.
The APA ethics code [4] outlines many professional guidelines for clinicians including the maintenance of confidentiality, minimizing intrusions to privacy, and obtaining informed consent. Informed consent ensures the client has an adequate understanding of the techniques and procedures that will be used during therapy, expected timeline for ...
This ensures that only those capable of making informed decisions—mentally competent individuals—can refuse treatment. Patients who are intoxicated or otherwise incapable of understanding the implications of their refusal, such as those with cognitive impairments, cannot legally provide informed consent. Allowing such individuals to refuse ...
A child over 7 years old who declines treatment for a devastating childhood illness and is therefore in mortal danger, might have their dissent overridden and have treatment forced upon them. [12] A child over 14 years old may be able to provide their own informed consent, independent of their parents. [13]