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Typically used for quickly viewing brain injuries, CT scanning uses a computer program that performs a numerical integral calculation (the inverse Radon transform) on the measured x-ray series to estimate how much of an x-ray beam is absorbed in a small volume of the brain. Typically the information is presented as cross-sections of the brain.
The changes in microcirculation, impaired auto-regulation, cerebral edema, and axonal injury start as soon as head injury occurs and manifest as clinical, biochemical, and radiological changes. Proper therapeutic management of brain injury is based on correct diagnosis and appreciation of the temporal course of the disease process.
Pneumoencephalography makes use of plain X-ray images. These are very poor at resolving soft tissues, such as the brain. Moreover, all the structures captured in the image are superimposed on top of each other, which makes it difficult to pick out individual items of interest (unlike modern scanners, which are able to produce fine virtual slices of the body, including of soft tissues).
The radioactive gamma rays are emitted through the body as the natural decaying process of these isotopes takes place. The emissions of the gamma rays are captured by detectors that surround the body. This essentially means that the human is now the source of the radioactivity, rather than the medical imaging devices such as X-ray or CT.
Immediately after its release, X-ray machines were being manufactured and used worldwide in medicine. [5] The brain is almost entirely composed of soft tissue that is not radio-opaque, meaning it remains essentially invisible to ordinary or plain X-ray examinations. This is also true of most brain abnormalities, though there are exceptions.
Image from a CT scan of the brain. CT imaging uses X-rays in conjunction with computing algorithms to image the body. [7] In CT, an X-ray tube opposite an X-ray detector (or detectors) in a ring-shaped apparatus rotate around a patient, producing a computer-generated cross-sectional image (tomogram). [8]
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X-ray: 1930s Functional magnetic resonance imaging: Magnetic resonance: fMRI 1992 Gamma-ray emission tomography ("Tomographic Gamma Scanning") Gamma ray: TGS or ECT Gamma-ray transmission tomography: Gamma ray: TCT Hydraulic tomography: fluid flow: HT 2000 Infrared microtomographic imaging [10] Mid-infrared: 2013 Laser Ablation Tomography