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  2. Middle Miocene disruption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Miocene_disruption

    The Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (MMCT) was a relatively steady period of climatic cooling that occurred around the middle of the Miocene, roughly 14 million years ago (Ma), during the Langhian stage, [1] and resulted in the growth of ice sheet volumes globally, and the reestablishment of the ice of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). [2]

  3. Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Miocene_Climatic...

    The Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO), sometimes referred to as the Middle Miocene Thermal Maximum (MMTM), [1] was an interval of warm climate during the Miocene epoch, specifically the Burdigalian and Langhian stages.

  4. Middle Miocene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Miocene

    The Middle Miocene is a sub-epoch of the Miocene epoch made up of two stages: the Langhian and Serravallian stages. The Middle Miocene is preceded by the Early Miocene. The sub-epoch lasted from 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma. During this period, a sharp drop in global temperatures took place.

  5. Miocene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene

    The Miocene (/ ˈ m aɪ. ə s iː n,-oʊ-/ MY-ə-seen, -⁠oh-) [6] [7] is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words μείων (meíōn, "less") and καινός (kainós, "new") [8] [9] and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates ...

  6. Serravallian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serravallian

    The base of the Serravallian is related to the Mi3b oxygen isotope excursion marking the onset of the Middle Miocene Cooling step. The top of the Serravallian (the base of the Tortonian Stage) is at the last common appearance of calcareous nanoplanktons Discoaster kugleri and planktonic foram Globigerinoides subquadratus. It is also associated ...

  7. Neogene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogene

    The Early Miocene was relatively cool; [12] Early Miocene mid-latitude seawater and continental thermal gradients were already very similar to those of the present. [13] During the Middle Miocene, Earth entered a warm phase known as the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO), [12] which was driven by the emplacement of the Columbia River Basalt ...

  8. Late Cenozoic Ice Age - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Cenozoic_Ice_Age

    This time period was called the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). By 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheets were similar in size and volume to present times. [5] Glaciers were starting to form in the mountains of the Northern Hemisphere. [5] Between 3.6 and 3.4 million years ago, there was a sudden but brief warming period. [5]

  9. List of extinction events - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinction_events

    Middle Miocene disruption: 14.5 Ma Climate change due to change of ocean circulation patterns. Milankovitch cycles may have also contributed [11] Paleogene: Eocene–Oligocene extinction event: 33.9 Ma: Multiple causes including global cooling, polar glaciation, falling sea levels, and the Popigai impactor [12] Cretaceous: Cretaceous ...