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  2. DNA condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_condensation

    Chromosome scaffold has important role to hold the chromatin into compact chromosome. Chromosome scaffold is made of proteins including condensin, topoisomerase IIα and kinesin family member 4 (KIF4) [7] Dinoflagellates are very divergent eukaryotes in terms of how they package their DNA. Their chromosomes are packed in a liquid-crystalline ...

  3. Homologous chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome

    Homologous chromosomes can repair this damage by aligning themselves with chromosomes of the same genetic sequence. [16] Once the base pairs have been matched and oriented correctly between the two strands, the homologous chromosomes perform a process that is very similar to recombination, or crossing over as seen in meiosis.

  4. Chromatin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin

    In order to maintain genomic integrity, “homologous recombination and classical non-homologous end joining process” has been followed by DNA to be repaired. [30] The packaging of eukaryotic DNA into chromatin presents a barrier to all DNA-based processes that require recruitment of enzymes to their sites of action. [31]

  5. Chromosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 23 December 2024. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...

  6. Chromomere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromomere

    During zygotene phase of prophase I, the chromomeres of homologs align with each other to form homologous rough pairing (homology searching). These chromomeres helps provide a unique identity for each homologous pairs. They appear as dense granules during leptotene stage. There are more than 2000 chromomeres on 20 chromosomes of maize.

  7. Cell division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division

    The thick lines are chromosomes, and the thin blue lines are fibers pulling on the chromosomes and pushing the ends of the cell apart. The cell cycle in eukaryotes: I = Interphase, M = Mitosis, G 0 = Gap 0, G 1 = Gap 1, G 2 = Gap 2, S = Synthesis, G 3 = Gap 3. Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. [1]

  8. Prophase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophase

    [3]: 98 [12] The paired homologous chromosome bound by the synaptonemal complex are referred to as bivalents or tetrads. [10] [3]: 98 Sex (X and Y) chromosomes do not fully synapse because only a small region of the chromosomes are homologous. [3]: 98 The nucleolus moves from a central to a peripheral position in the nucleus. [14]

  9. G2 phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_phase

    It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G 2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. G 2 phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.