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  2. Standard normal table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table

    To find a negative value such as -0.83, one could use a cumulative table for negative z-values [3] which yield a probability of 0.20327. But since the normal distribution curve is symmetrical, probabilities for only positive values of Z are typically given.

  3. Standard score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_score

    The absolute value of z represents the distance between that raw score x and the population mean in units of the standard deviation. z is negative when the raw score is below the mean, positive when above. Calculating z using this formula requires use of the population mean and the population standard deviation, not the sample mean or sample ...

  4. Z-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-test

    The two-sided p-value is approximately 0.014 (twice the one-sided p-value). Another way of stating things is that with probability 1 − 0.014 = 0.986, a simple random sample of 55 students would have a mean test score within 4 units of the population mean.

  5. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2] [3] A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.

  6. Positive and negative predictive values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_negative...

    The positive predictive value (PPV), or precision, is defined as = + = where a "true positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a positive result under the gold standard, and a "false positive" is the event that the test makes a positive prediction, and the subject has a negative result under the gold standard.

  7. List of probability distributions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_probability...

    The rectified Gaussian distribution replaces negative values from a normal distribution with a discrete component at zero. The compound poisson-gamma or Tweedie distribution is continuous over the strictly positive real numbers, with a mass at zero.

  8. Troy Deeney reveals all: his time as a pundit, coaching stint ...

    www.aol.com/sports/troy-deeney-reveals-time...

    (1:56) - Troy’s time dealing with and working in the media (18:54) - Troy reveals the details of his coaching stint with Forest Green (40:02) - Reliving Troy’s iconic goal vs. Leicester City

  9. Moran's I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moran's_I

    Values significantly below -1/(N-1) indicate negative spatial autocorrelation and values significantly above -1/(N-1) indicate positive spatial autocorrelation. For statistical hypothesis testing, Moran's I values can be transformed to z-scores.