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Vitamin B 12 levels can be falsely high or low and data for sensitivity and specificity vary widely. There is no gold standard human assay to confirm a vitamin B 12 deficiency. [4] Healthcare providers use this test when a vitamin B 12 deficiency is suspected, which can cause anemia and irreversible nerve damage. [3]
Evidence exists linking elevated homocysteine levels with vascular dementia [10] and Alzheimer's disease. [11] [12] [13] There is also evidence that elevated homocysteine levels and low levels of vitamin B6 and B12 are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia. [14]
Diagnosis is not always straightforward as serum levels can be falsely high or normal. [10] Elevated methylmalonic acid levels may also indicate a deficiency. [2] Individuals with low or marginal values of vitamin B 12 in the range of 148–221 pmol/L (200–300 pg/mL) may not have classic neurological or hematological signs or symptoms. [2]
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[56] [57] Low levels of serum vitamin B 12 may be caused by other factors than B 12 deficiency, such as folate deficiency, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, haptocorrin deficiency, and myeloma. [57] High serum levels may caused by supplementing with vitamin B 12, present of antibodies to intrinsic factor, or due to underlying condition. [56]
Registered dietitians explain what vitamin B12 is, how much you need, and the potential side effects of taking too much. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: ...
Vitamin B12 deficiency causes symptoms like fatigue, poor memory, a swollen tongue, and canker sores. Skip to main content. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290-4726 more ways to ...
In addition, elevated methylmalonic acid levels may also be related to metabolic disorders such as methylmalonic acidemia. [53] If nervous system damage is present and blood testing is inconclusive, a lumbar puncture may be carried out to measure cerebrospinal fluid B 12 levels.