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v. t. e. A centripetal force (from Latin centrum, "center" and petere, "to seek" [1]) is a force that makes a body follow a curved path. The direction of the centripetal force is always orthogonal to the motion of the body and towards the fixed point of the instantaneous center of curvature of the path. Isaac Newton described it as "a force by ...
In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body (ies).
[note 9] The force required to sustain this acceleration, called the centripetal force, is therefore also directed toward the center of the circle and has magnitude /. Many orbits, such as that of the Moon around the Earth, can be approximated by uniform circular motion.
This reaction force is sometimes described as a centrifugal inertial reaction, [44] [45] that is, a force that is centrifugally directed, which is a reactive force equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is curving the path of the mass. The concept of the reactive centrifugal force is sometimes used in mechanics and engineering.
Newton's theorem simplifies orbital problems in classical mechanics by eliminating inverse-cube forces from consideration. The radial and angular motions, r (t) and θ1 (t), can be calculated without the inverse-cube force; afterwards, its effect can be calculated by multiplying the angular speed of the particle.
In classical mechanics, a reactive centrifugal force forms part of an action–reaction pair with a centripetal force . In accordance with Newton's first law of motion, an object moves in a straight line in the absence of a net force acting on the object. A curved path ensues when a force that is orthogonal to the object's motion acts on it ...
For illustration, the first term on the left is zero for circular orbits, and the applied inwards force equals the centripetal force requirement, as expected. The definition of angular momentum allows a change of independent variable from t {\displaystyle t} to θ {\displaystyle \theta } :
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