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  2. Necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency

    It may be the case that several sufficient conditions, when taken together, constitute a single necessary condition (i.e., individually sufficient and jointly necessary), as illustrated in example 5. Example 1 "John is a king" implies that John is male. So knowing that John is a king is sufficient to knowing that he is a male. Example 2

  3. Four causes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes

    The efficient or moving cause of a change or movement. This consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a child is a parent.

  4. Efficiency (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency_(statistics)

    In statistics, efficiency is a measure of quality of an estimator, of an experimental design, [1] or of a hypothesis testing procedure. [2] Essentially, a more efficient estimator needs fewer input data or observations than a less efficient one to achieve the Cramér–Rao bound.

  5. Sufficient statistic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufficient_statistic

    In other words, S(X) is minimal sufficient if and only if [11] S(X) is sufficient, and; if T(X) is sufficient, then there exists a function f such that S(X) = f(T(X)). Intuitively, a minimal sufficient statistic most efficiently captures all possible information about the parameter θ.

  6. Minimum-variance unbiased estimator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum-variance_unbiased...

    An efficient estimator need not exist, ... This is a scaled and shifted (so unbiased) transform of the sample maximum, which is a sufficient and complete statistic.

  7. Efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency

    Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid making mistakes or wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste.

  8. What's The Difference Between A Heat Pump And A Furnace ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/whats-difference-between...

    In colder climates, 95% efficient gas furnaces fare better than ENERGY STAR® heat pumps. And, due to the relatively lower cost of natural gas versus electricity, lifetime operating costs should ...

  9. Biological tests of necessity and sufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_tests_of...

    Tests of sufficiency in biology are used to determine if the presence of an element permits the biological phenomenon to occur. In other words, if sufficient conditions are met, the targeted event is able to take place. However, this does not mean that the absence of a sufficient biological element inhibits the biological event from occurring.