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The Gallaeci dwelt in hill forts (locally called castros), and the archaeological culture they developed is known by archaeologists as "Castro culture", a hill-fort culture (usually, but not always) with round or elongated houses. Partial view of the Castro de Santa Tegra, an oppidum from the 2nd century BC.
Gallaecia, as a region, was thus marked for the Romans as much for the Gallaeci's castros, a system of hillforts, as it was for the lure of its gold mines. This culture extended over present day Galicia , the north of Portugal , the western part of Asturias , the Bierzo , and Sanabria and was distinct from the neighbouring Lusitanian culture to ...
The Greek name of the tribe was Kallaikoi.. A large tribal confederation (the Gallaeci) in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and the region of Gallaecia (roughly today's Galicia and Northern Portugal, and also included Asturias and part of León) are named after the Gallaeci.
The Iberian Peninsula, where Galicia is located, has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by modern humans. From about 4500 BC, it (like much of the north and west of the peninsula) was inhabited by a megalithic culture, which entered the Bronze Age about 1500 BC.
As with the Illyrian, Ligurian and Thracian languages, the surviving corpus of Gallaecian is composed of isolated words and short sentences contained in local Latin inscriptions or glossed by classical authors, together with a number of names – anthroponyms, ethnonyms, theonyms, toponyms – contained in inscriptions, or surviving as the names of places, rivers or mountains.
The oldest known inscription referring to the Gallaeci (reading Ἔθνο[υς] Καλλαικῶ[ν], "people of the Gallaeci") was found in 1981 in the Sebasteion of Aphrodisias, Turkey; a triumphal monument to Roman Emperor Augustus mentions them among other 15 nations that he conquered. [15]
The Gallaeci faced the very first Roman incursion into their territory by consul Decimus Junius Brutus, whose campaign reached as far as the river Limia. Later in 61-60 BC the propraetor of Hispania Ulterior Julius Caesar faced the Gallaeci in a combined sea-and-land battle at Brigantium (also designated Carunium; Betanzos – La Coruña ...
Map of Gallaecia. The Grovii or Gravii were an ancient Gallaeci tribe who inhabited the low valley of the Minho river, present day Portugal and Galicia (Spain), and also along the coast near the rivers Avo, Celadus, Nebis and Limia, northern Portugal.