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Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a ...
Many concurrent programming languages have been developed more as research languages (e.g. Pict) rather than as languages for production use. However, languages such as Erlang, Limbo, and occam have seen industrial use at various times in the last 20 years. A non-exhaustive list of languages which use or provide concurrent programming facilities:
Rule-based programming – a network of rules of thumb that comprise a knowledge base and can be used for expert systems and problem deduction & resolution; Visual programming – manipulating program elements graphically rather than by specifying them textually (e.g. Simulink); also termed diagrammatic programming [1]
Concurrent use of shared resources can be a source of indeterminacy leading to issues such as deadlocks, and resource starvation. [7] Design of concurrent systems often entails finding reliable techniques for coordinating their execution, data exchange, memory allocation, and execution scheduling to minimize response time and maximise ...
Kotlin, however kotlin.native.concurrent.Future is only usually used when writing Kotlin that is intended to run natively [35] Nim; Oxygene; Oz version 3 [36] Python concurrent.futures, since 3.2, [37] as proposed by the PEP 3148, and Python 3.5 added async and await [38] R (promises for lazy evaluation, still single threaded) Racket [39] Raku [40]
Since 7 October 2024, Python 3.13 is the latest stable release, and it and, for few more months, 3.12 are the only releases with active support including for bug fixes (as opposed to just for security) and Python 3.9, [55] is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.8 reaching end-of-life.
Chapel (programming language) Cilk; CMS Pipelines; Concurrent Collections; Concurrent Euclid; Concurrent ML; Constraint Handling Rules; Crystal (programming language) CS-4 (programming language) Curry (programming language)
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game site warns against over-generalizing from benchmark data, but contains a large number of micro-benchmarks of reader-contributed code snippets, with an interface that generates various charts and tables comparing specific programming languages and types of tests. [56]