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Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
1965, in Laos, the CIA's airline, Air America, is suspected of flying Hmong (Meo) opium out of the hills to Long Tieng and Vientiane to obtain hard currency for their otherwise unfunded Hmong war against the Viet Cong in 1971. [14]
Men rượu - ingredients for making Rượu đế. The term rượu đế literally means "đế liquor."This name is explained by the fact that in Cochinchina (southern Vietnam) during the early period of French colonization, the imperialist government had a monopoly on alcohol production, and the only distilled alcoholic beverage the general population could legally purchase was rượu ...
McCoy writes that "Air America began flying opium from mountain villages north and east of the Plain of Jars to Gen Vang Pao's headquarters at Long Tieng." [14] Air America were alleged to have profited from transporting opium and heroin on behalf of Hmong leader Vang Pao, [15] [16] or of "turning a blind eye" to the Laotian military doing it.
Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy [2] or breadseed poppy, [3] is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae.It is the species of plant from which both opium and poppy seeds are derived and is also a valuable ornamental plant grown in gardens.
The main alkaloids found in opium, such as morphine, and codeine have huge impact on pharmaceuticals and a big importance on many countries that produce it on a large-scale including Afghanistan. Afghanistan has an economic dependence on opium cultivation making it hard to stop large scale production of these flowers ultimately increasing ...
During the Vietnam War, U.S. operations in Laos were largely a CIA responsibility. The CIA's surrogate there was a Laotian general, Vang Pao, who commanded Military Region 2 in northern Laos. He enlisted 30,000 Hmong tribesmen in the service of the CIA. These tribesmen continued to grow, as they had for generations, the opium poppy.
From a U.S. legal perspective, narcotics refer to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes, [21] though in U.S. law, due to its numbing properties, cocaine is also considered a narcotic. The definition encompassing "any illegal drug" was first recorded in 1926. Its first use as an adjective is first attested to c. 1600. [22]