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492 is close to 500, which is easy to multiply by. Add and subtract 8 (the difference between 500 and 492) to get 492 -> 484, 500. Multiply these numbers together to get 242,000 (This can be done efficiently by dividing 484 by 2 = 242 and multiplying by 1000). Finally, add the difference (8) squared (8 2 = 64) to the result: 492 2 = 242,064
The method for general multiplication is a method to achieve multiplications with low space complexity, i.e. as few temporary results as possible to be kept in memory. . This is achieved by noting that the final digit is completely determined by multiplying the last digit of the multiplic
As the size of the calculation becomes larger, it becomes easier to start counting in tens; and to represent the calculation as a box which can be sub-divided, rather than drawing a multitude of dots. [2] [3] At the simplest level, pupils might be asked to apply the method to a calculation like 3 × 17.
Next, multiply cwt 12*47 = (2 + 10)*47 but don't add up the partial results (94, 470) yet. Likewise multiply 23 by 47 yielding (141, 940). The quarters column is totaled and the result placed in the second workspace (a trivial move in this case). 94 quarters is 23 cwt and 2 qtr, so place the 2 in the answer and put the 23 in the next column left.
Multiplication can also be thought of as scaling. Here, 2 is being multiplied by 3 using scaling, giving 6 as a result. Animation for the multiplication 2 × 3 = 6 4 × 5 = 20. The large rectangle is made up of 20 squares, each 1 unit by 1 unit. Area of a cloth 4.5m × 2.5m = 11.25m 2; 4 1 / 2 × 2 1 / 2 = 11 1 / 4
Logarithm tables can be used to divide two numbers, by subtracting the two numbers' logarithms, then looking up the antilogarithm of the result. Division can be calculated with a slide rule by aligning the divisor on the C scale with the dividend on the D scale. The quotient can be found on the D scale where it is aligned with the left index on ...
Since 2 represents 20, all numbers in that scale are multiplied by 10. Thus, any answer in the second set of numbers is multiplied by 100. Since 8.8 in the top scale represents 88, the answer must additionally be multiplied by 10. The answer directly reads 1.76. Multiply by 100 and then by 10 to get the actual answer: 1,760.
There is also a tens-carry indicator and a control to set the machine to zero. The machine can: add or subtract an 8-digit number to/from a 16-digit number, multiply two 8-digit numbers to get a 16-digit result, divide a 16-digit number by an 8-digit divisor. Addition or subtraction is performed in a single step, with a turn of the crank.