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For instance, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali al-Shalmaghani turned against al-Nawbakhti and claimed to be the rightful agent of al-Mahdi, before denouncing the concept of occultation as a lie. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] Another instance was a disciple of al-Askari, named al-Karkhi, who was later condemned in a rescript, said to be written by al-Mahdi.
He was later succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Amri, who held the office for some fifty years and died in 917. His successor Husayn ibn Rawh al-Nawbakhti was in the office until his death in 938. The next deputy, Ali ibn Muhammad al-Simari, abolished the office on the orders of the imam just a few days before his death in 941. [55] [56]
Mustafa al-Arusi (1798–1876) was the son of #14 Muhammed al-Arusi, grandson of #11 Ahmed al-Arusi. 21 Muhammad al-Mahdi (Arabic: محمد المهدي العباسي) 1870 1881 Hanafi: al-Mahdi (1827–1897) was born in Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate: 22 Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Imbabi (Arabic: شمس الدين الأنبابي) 1881 ...
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi, a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the son of Ali al-Hadi and the brother of Hasan al-Askari, the tenth and eleventh Imams in Twelver Shia, respectively. Muhammad ibn Qasim (al-Alawi), an Alid who led an unsuccessful Zaydi revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in Talaqan, in what is now northeastern ...
Their former leader, Imam Sadiq al-Mahdi, was the great-great-grandson of Muhammad Ahmad, [21] and also the imam of the Ansār, the religious order that pledges allegiance to Muhammad Ahmad. Sadiq al-Mahdi was a democratic leader and Prime Minister of Sudan on two occasions: first briefly in 1966–1967, and then between 1986 and 1989.
The reappearance of Muhammad al-Mahdi is the Twelver eschatological belief in the return of their Hidden Imam in the end of time to establish peace and justice on earth. For Twelvers, this would end a period of occultation that began shortly after the death of Hasan al-Askari in 260 AH (873–874 CE), the eleventh Imam.
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri succeeded Ibn Ruh as the fourth agent in 326 (937) and held the office for about three years. [49] In contrast to the third agent, less is known about the other three agents, including al-Samarri. [20] He is said to have received a letter from al-Mahdi shortly before his death in 329 (941).
The title "al-Mufid" was given to him either by Muhammad al-Mahdi, the twelfth Shia Imam, [3] or by al-Rummani, a Sunni scholar, after a conversation with him. [4] The leader of the Shia community, [ 5 ] he was a mutakallim , theologian, and Shia jurist.