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A rapid trauma assessment goes from head to toe to find these life threats: [1] [3] [5] Cervical spinal injury; Level of consciousness; Skull fractures, crepitus, and signs of brain injury; Airway problems (although these were checked during the initial assessment, they are rechecked during the rapid trauma assessment) such as tracheal deviation
eFAST (extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma) allows an emergency physician or a surgeon the ability to determine whether a patient has pneumothorax, hemothorax, pleural effusion, mass/tumor, or a lodged foreign body. The exam allows for visualization of the echogenic tissue, ribs, and lung tissue.
For example, a fully alert patient might be considered "alert and oriented x 4" if they could correctly identify the time, their name, their location, and the event. EMS crews may begin with an AVPU assessment, to be followed by a GCS assessment if the AVPU score is below "A."
Additionally, some protocols call for an 'E' step to patient assessment. All protocols that use 'E' steps diverge from looking after basic life support at that point, and begin looking for underlying causes. [27] In some protocols, there can be up to 3 E's used. E can stand for:
Its goal is to teach a simplified and standardized approach to trauma patients. Originally designed for emergency situations where only one doctor and one nurse are present, ATLS is now widely accepted as the standard of care for initial assessment and treatment in trauma centers. The premise of the ATLS program is to treat the greatest threat ...
Patients who are breathing and have any of the following conditions are classified as immediate: Respiratory rate greater than 30 per minute; Radial pulse is absent, or capillary refill is over 2 seconds; Unable to follow simple commands; All other patients are classified as delayed. [1] [2]
Pre-hospital emergency medicine (abbreviated PHEM), also referred to as pre-hospital care, immediate care, or emergency medical services medicine (abbreviated EMS medicine), is a medical subspecialty which focuses on caring for seriously ill or injured patients before they reach hospital, and during emergency transfer to hospital or between hospitals.
The tool allows for rapid assessment by removing the need to measure physiological vital signs focusing on what the emergency responder can see. [95] [97] P1 – Patients who have catastrophic bleeding, a penetrating injury or those who are unconscious P2 – Patients who are unable to walk but are conscious P3 – Patients who are able to walk