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The fantasy writings of J. R. R. Tolkien have had a huge popular impact. His Middle-earth books have sold hundreds of millions of copies. [1] [2] The Lord of the Rings transformed the genre of fantasy writing. [3] It and The Hobbit have spawned Peter Jackson's Middle-earth films, which have had billion-dollar takings at the box office.
Influence from Greek mythology is apparent in the disappearance of the island of Númenor, recalling Atlantis. [82] Tolkien's Elvish name "Atalantë" for Númenor resembles Plato's Atlantis, [83] furthering the illusion that his mythology simply extends the history and mythology of the real world. [84]
J. R. R. Tolkien was a scholar of English literature, a philologist and medievalist interested in language and poetry from the Middle Ages, especially that of Anglo-Saxon England and Northern Europe. His professional knowledge of works such as Beowulf shaped his fictional world of Middle-earth , including his fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings .
The Atlas of Middle-earth provides many detailed maps of the lands described in Tolkien's books. The maps are treated as if they are of real landscapes, drawn according to the rules of a real atlas. For each area the history of the land is taken into account, as well as geography on a larger scale; from there maps are drawn. [7]
Philology, the study of comparative and historical linguistics, especially of the medieval period, had a major influence on J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth. He was a professional philologist, and made use of his knowledge of medieval literature and language to create families of Elvish languages and many details of the invented ...
Stentor Danielson, a Tolkien scholar, notes that Tolkien did not provide the same "elaborate textual history" to contextualise his maps as he did for his writings. Danielson suggests that this has assisted the tendency among Tolkien's fans to treat his maps as "geographical fact". [ 13 ]
Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth is a 2018 art book exploring images of the artwork, illustrations, maps, letters and manuscripts of J. R. R. Tolkien. The book was written by Catherine McIlwaine, Tolkien archivist at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. It was timed to coincide with an exhibition of the same name, also curated by McIlwaine.
Tolkien was preceded in the use of maps in fiction by Jonathan Swift, who showed Lilliput near Sumatra in his 1726 Gulliver's Travels. [9]Christina Fawcett writes that by creating his fantasy world of Middle-earth in the way that he did, giving it a history as well as a narrative, Tolkien was following in a tradition that interwove history with literature.