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In user interface design and software design, [1] the principle of least astonishment (POLA), also known as principle of least surprise, [a] proposes that a component of a system should behave in a way that most users will expect it to behave, and therefore not astonish or surprise users. The following is a corollary of the principle: "If a ...
Surprise can occur in varying levels of intensity ranging from very surprised, which may induce the fight-or-flight response, or slightly surprised, which elicits a less intense response to the stimulus. Surprise is included as a primary or basic emotion in the taxonomies of Carroll Izard and Paul Ekman. According to these perspectives ...
Discrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions.For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust.
The good news for the milkvetch plant is that they usually need wildfire to sprout — meaning dormant seeds now have a massive new habitat for a new crop of the rare shrub.
The maximum surprise is when p = 1/2, for which one outcome is not expected over the other. In this case a coin flip has an entropy of one bit . (Similarly, one trit with equiprobable values contains log 2 3 {\displaystyle \log _{2}3} (about 1.58496) bits of information because it can have one of three values.)
When To Use Kosher Salt vs. Table Salt "Kosher salt is a chef favorite because of the way you can easily grip it in your hands—with this built-in control, it is easier to season food more evenly ...
Brooke Shields can’t help but compare how differently men and women are treated by doctors.. On Monday, Jan. 13, the model-actress appeared on Good Morning America and opened up about why she ...
For a given probability space, the measurement of rarer events are intuitively more "surprising", and yield more information content, than more common values. Thus, self-information is a strictly decreasing monotonic function of the probability, or sometimes called an "antitonic" function.