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Caffeine Properties Chemical formula. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2: Molar mass: 194.194 g·mol −1 Appearance Odorless, white needles or powder Density: 1.23 g/cm 3, solid [1 ...
pKa values for acetic, chloroacetic, dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids. Inductive effects and mesomeric effects affect the pK a values. A simple example is provided by the effect of replacing the hydrogen atoms in acetic acid by the more electronegative chlorine atom.
Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [20] [21] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures with it even being encouraged.
(For reference, a tall iced coffee at Starbucks, for example, has 135 mg of caffeine, whereas the same size cold brew at the chain contains 155 mg.) That said, when making cold brew at home, you ...
From the titration of protonatable group, one can read the so-called pK a 1 ⁄ 2 which is equal to the pH value where the group is half-protonated (i.e. when 50% such groups would be protonated). The p K a 1 ⁄ 2 is equal to the Henderson–Hasselbalch p K a (p K HH
A new study found that drinking certain amounts of caffeinated coffee and tea was linked to a decreased risk for head and neck cancer compared to not drinking these beverages.
On a global level, researchers found that 2.2 million new cases of type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cases of heart disease in 2020 were attributable to SSBs — representing about 1 in 10 new ...
The mechanism of response is the same for both, only the stimulus varies. The general form of the polymer is a backbone with functional "pendant groups" that hang off of it. When these functional groups become ionized in certain pH levels, they acquire a charge (+/-). Repulsions between like charges cause the polymers to change shape. [1] [2]